Peptide Science
Research Hub
In-depth articles on peptide research, mechanisms of action, and laboratory best practices — written for researchers.
Per-compound evidence reviews: mechanism and published findings from the primary literature.
- Research Articles
- 88
- Compounds
- 80
- Categories
- 9
Reviewed for scientific accuracyDr. Martina Rossi, PhDPhD, Université Grenoble Alpes80 of 88 articles checked against the sources they cite. Reviewed pages carry her byline.Growth Hormone Axis Research13
Growth hormone peptides for research: GHRH analogs, GH secretagogues and IGF-1 analogs acting along the growth hormone pathway.
- 29resCJC-1295 ResearchAn evidence-based overview of CJC-1295 research: its modified GHRH analog structure, the Drug Affinity Complex mechanism, and what preclinical studies show about GH and IGF-1 signaling.Jun 24, 2026Reviewed
- 30resCJC-1295 with DAC ResearchAn evidence-led review of CJC-1295 with DAC research: how the DAC modification extends half-life to days, the single registered trial, and a reported death.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 6resGHRP-2 ResearchAn evidence-led review of GHRP-2 research: what the human record covers, the cortisol and prolactin selectivity problem, and its diagnostic approval in Japan.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 6resGHRP-6 ResearchAn evidence-led review of GHRP-6 research: its receptor and pathway, what has been measured in humans, and the cortisol and prolactin question.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 65atomsHexarelin ResearchAn evidence-led review of Hexarelin research: two receptors rather than one, desensitization on repeated dosing, and the human and rat cardiac findings.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 16resHGH Fragment 176-191 ResearchAn evidence-led review of HGH Fragment 176-191 research: which molecule the work was actually done on, the animal findings, and the human evidence.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 513atomsIGF-1 DES ResearchAn evidence-led review of IGF-1 DES research: the same receptor as IGF-1 but different binding-protein behaviour, what has been measured, and in what.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 83resIGF-1 LR3 ResearchAn evidence-led review of IGF-1 LR3 research: weaker binding at the same receptor, what has been measured, and why the half-life claim runs backwards.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 5resIpamorelin ResearchAn evidence-based overview of Ipamorelin research: its selective GHS-R1a mechanism, comparison with GHRP-6, and what preclinical studies show about growth hormone secretion.Jun 24, 2026Reviewed
- 202atomsMGF ResearchAn evidence-led review of MGF research: what the splice variant is, its contested receptor and laboratory record, and the state of the human evidence.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- PEG-MGF ResearchPEG-MGF research reviewed: one PubMed record, no peer-reviewed human studies, no CAS number found, and an FDA compounding nomination withdrawn by its nominator.Aug 28, 2026Reviewed
- 29resSermorelin ResearchSermorelin held two FDA approvals, both withdrawn in 2009. What the primary regulatory record and the small human trial base actually establish.Aug 28, 2026Reviewed
- 44resTesamorelin ResearchAn evidence-led review of tesamorelin research: what its approval covers and what it does not, and what the human trials actually found.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
Regeneration Research8
Regenerative peptides for tissue and cellular repair research: BPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu, LL-37 and related compounds.
- 11resARA-290 ResearchARA-290 (cibinetide) reached phase 2 in humans. An evidence-led review of what its trials found, what they missed, and where development now stands.Aug 28, 2026Reviewed
- 27resB7-33 ResearchB7-33 is a single-chain relaxin-2 analog with no published human study. Serelaxin's failed confirmatory trial tested a different molecule.Aug 28, 2026Reviewed
- 15resBPC-157 ResearchAn evidence-led look at BPC-157 research into tissue repair, covering proposed angiogenic mechanisms, tendon and ligament studies in rodent models, and the current absence of human trial data.Jun 24, 2026Reviewed
- 25atomsGHK-Cu ResearchAn evidence-led review of GHK-Cu research: copper binding, collagen and matrix findings in cell and animal models, and the limits of human data.Jul 19, 2026Reviewed
- 3resKPV ResearchKPV has never been administered to a human in a published study. A review of its preclinical evidence, its unsettled mechanism and FDA's position.Aug 28, 2026Reviewed
- 37resLL-37 ResearchLL-37 is an endogenous human peptide, and only four human studies have administered it. Its largest placebo-controlled trial missed its primary endpoint.Aug 28, 2026Reviewed
- 7resTB-500 ResearchAn evidence-led look at TB-500 research into Thymosin Beta-4 biology, covering the actin-binding domain, proposed mechanisms in cell migration and angiogenesis, and preclinical dermal and cardiac repair studies.Jul 26, 2026Reviewed
- 43resThymosin Beta-4 ResearchThymosin beta-4 (timbetasin) is the 43-residue parent of TB-500, not the same molecule. Review of its Phase 3 record, nulls and conflicts.Aug 28, 2026Reviewed
Peptide Bioregulators17
Peptide bioregulators: the Khavinson series of short, organ-specific peptides, supplied for research use.
- 31atomsBronchogen ResearchAn evidence-led look at Bronchogen research: an unsettled sequence, the cell and animal findings, and the single group behind nearly all of it.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 34atomsCardiogen ResearchAn evidence-led look at Cardiogen research: an unresolved identity, how small the record is, and why no published study measured anything cardiac.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 23atomsCartalax ResearchAn evidence-led look at Cartalax research: identity and naming, the four records that make up its literature, and what has never been tested.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 30atomsCortagen ResearchAn evidence-led look at Cortagen research: identity and naming, a null result in its clearest animal study, and the rest of the cell and animal work.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 25atomsCrystagen ResearchAn evidence-led look at Crystagen research: its identity, the entire published evidence base, who produced it, and what remains unanswered.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 4resEpitalon ResearchAn evidence-led look at Epitalon research: why it is not Epithalamin, the human and animal lifespan reports, and the telomere claims.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 32atomsLivagen ResearchAn evidence-led look at Livagen research: its identity, what has actually been reported, and how it relates to its sibling bioregulators.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 4resN-Acetyl-Epitalon ResearchAn evidence-led look at N-Acetyl-Epitalon: no peer-reviewed literature under this name, the amidate form sold here, and why epitalon data does not carry over.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- Ovagen ResearchAn evidence-led look at Ovagen research: what the molecule is, a name collision that misleads searches, and what has been published on EDL.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 4resPancragen ResearchAn evidence-led look at Pancragen research: identity and its C-terminal amide, the cell, animal and human reports, and what is not established.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 3resPinealon ResearchAn evidence-led look at Pinealon research: identity and naming, in vitro and animal findings, and its relationship to the sibling peptides.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 34atomsProstamax ResearchAn evidence-led look at Prostamax research: a safety signal in its clearest result, identity as a defined peptide not an extract, and what is untested.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 31atomsTestagen ResearchAn evidence-led look at Testagen research: what the compound is, the entire published literature, and the questions that remain unstudied.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- Thymalin ResearchAn evidence-led look at Thymalin research: what the preparation actually is, the two COVID-19 trials, the older human literature, and what is unproven.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- 2resVesilute ResearchVesilute is a trade name for the dipeptide Glu-Asp. The one indexed animal study found no difference from its amino acids on the three endpoints it measured.Aug 28, 2026Reviewed
- 27atomsVesugen ResearchAn evidence-led look at Vesugen research: identity and naming, its presence inside four other products, and its small Russian human record.Aug 27, 2026Reviewed
- Vilon ResearchAn evidence-led look at Vilon research: how independent the literature is, animal findings including an adverse one, and a computational DNA mechanism.Aug 27, 2026